Magnetometer Working

Fluxgate Magnetometer

• Uses a ferromagnetic core with primary and secondary coils.

• An alternating current magnetizes the core, and the secondary coil detects changes caused by an external magnetic field.

• Common in navigation and geophysical surveys.

Hall Effect Magnetometer

• Uses a thin conductor; when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to current flow, a voltage (Hall voltage) is generated.

• Voltage is proportional to the magnetic field strength.

• Used in automotive sensors and smartphones.

Magnetoresistive Magnetometer

• Uses materials whose electrical resistance changes in the presence of a magnetic field.

• Measures magnetic field by detecting resistance variation.

• High-sensitivity applications like aircraft and submarine navigation.

Optically Pumped Magnetometer

• Uses laser-pumped atoms whose energy levels shift in a magnetic field.

• Measures tiny changes in the magnetic field with very high precision.

• Used in geophysics and scientific research.